Oxford University vote on the admission of women to the B.A. degree, 1896. A collection of scarce Pamphlets.

The 50 items described below are part of what The Times (4 March 1896) described as 'the paper warfare' surrounding the Oxford University vote, on 3 and 10 March 1896, on the admission of women to the B.A. degree, a controversy which left the Oxford air, according to the Spectator (7 March 1896 ), 'thick with fly-leaves', and which drew from C. L. Dodgson ('Lewis Carroll') one of his few speeches in Congregation (on the 'anti' side)The 1896 vote was, as Vera Brittain points out in her Women at Oxford (1960), the second of 'six memorable struggles which marked the relationship of women students to Oxford University', the others occurring in 1884, 1910, 1920, 1927, and 1948.Almost all of the items in the collection are excessively scarce. The only copies of 43 of the 50 found on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat are at Oxford, with no copies found of another three (7, 8 and 21). The collection derives from the Board of Education Reference Library, and all 50 have manuscript shelfmarks, and punch holes to corners for gathering the collection in a bundle. Item 16 carries the Board's red and white Library label, and Item 21 its stamp. Six of the items (2, 14, 26, 27, 40, 49) have the ownership inscription of Martin Holdich Green (1849-1927; see obituary, Times, 12 November 1927), last Life Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, and two (9 and 22) are marked 'Miss '. A handful of the items (including two of the largest, 16 and 34) show particular signs of wear, but the overall condition is fair, with items lightly aged and worn.A number of notable individuals contribute, on both sides of the debate. ). Of particular interest is the exchange between Professor Thomas Case (1844-1925) of Magdalen, and Thomas Hodge Grose (1845-1906) of Queen's College, from 1897 University Registrar, with Grose accusing Case of being 'the Oxford Cassandra. For years he has poured his melancholy wail. But the University survives.' (19) Other contributors include: Sir William Reynell Anson (1843-1914), Vice-Chancellor, 1898-1899; Reginald Walter Macan (1848-1901), from 1906 Master of University College; the historians Charles Harding Firth (1857-1936), at the time lecturer at Pembroke, Henry Francis Pelham (1846-1907), Camden Professor of Ancient History, and Arthur Henry Johnson (1845-1927); Joseph Wells (1855-1929), Warden of Wadham, 1913-1927, and Vice-Chancellor, 1923-1926; James Franck Bright (1832-1920), Master of University College; the archaeologist Professor Percy Gardner (1846-1937); James Leigh Strachan-Davidson (1843-1916), from 1907 Master of Balliol; Arthur Sidgwick (1840-1920); Henry Offley Wakeman (1852-1899). Four women contribute: Bertha J. Johnson (26); Agnes C. Maitland (1850-1906), Principal of Somerville (31); Annie Mary Anne Henley Rogers (1856-1937) (39); and Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick (1845-1936), Principal of Newnham, sister of prime minister Arthur Balfour (41, a particularly impressive contribution).The extracts given in the descriptions below will give an indication of the passions aroused by the question. According to Brittain, a correspondent in the Oxford Gazette would later refer to 'the great fight of 1896, when Oxford was flooded with literature and The Times with letters', and the following references to features in The Times back up that claim: 5 February, 6 February (letter by Annie M. A. H. Rogers, Hon. Sec. to the Association for Promoting the Education of Women in Oxford), 7 February (letter by Henry Palin Gurney), 11 February (letters by Percy Gardner, A. Sidgwick of Corpus, and Bertha J. Johnson), 15 February, 20 February (letter by Agnes C. Maitland, Principal of Somerville), 22 February (letters by Thomas Case and Emily Davies, Hon. Secretary of Girton), 25 February (letters by M. E. Bishop and Alfred Marshall), 26 February (letters by Edward Caird and Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick), 29 February (letters by H M. Jones and Florence Gadesden), 2 March (letters from Helen Gladstone, Vice-Principal of Newnham, and Sophie Bryant), 3 March (reporting on items 10, 37 and 40 below), 4 March (on the defeat of the first resolution in an 'unprecedented muster of Congregation to-day in the Divinity Room'), 11 March (on the defeat of the last four resolutions).) Anonymous contributors range from 'A.B.C.' to 'X', 'Y' and 'Z', and include two satirical contributions: 9, which is 'pro' and 50, which is 'anti'. The latter, printed on pink paper, is a little reminiscent of Dodgson's playful style.In the event, all five resolutions were rejected, the first in 'an unprecedented muster of Congregation' on 3 March, and the other four on 10 March, the fifth resolution by just four votes. Resolution 1, which was rejected by 215 to 140, states: 'That it is desirable, subject to certain conditions, to admit to the degree of B.A. women who have kept residence at Oxford for 12 terms in a place of residence approved by the University, and who have passed (under the same regulations as apply to undergraduates) all the examinations required for the degree of B.A.' Resolution 2, 'for giving a diploma in place of the degree', was was rejected by 178 votes to 111. It was introduced by Professor Pelham, and is worded as follows: 'Women who have kept residence at Oxford for 12 terms in a place of residence approved by the University, and who have passed (under the same regulations as apply to undergraduates) all the examinations required for the degree of B.A., shall receive a diploma stating the terms kept and the examinations passed, and certifying that, so far as keeping terms and passing examinations are concerned, they have satisfied the conditions under which undergraduates are entitled to supplicate for the degree of B.A.' Resolution 3 was rejected by 284 votes to 11: 'Women who have kept residence at Oxford for not less than four terms in a place of residence approved by the University, and who have passed any of the examinations required for the degree of B.A., or any of the examinations of women held by the delegates of local examinations, shall receive a certificate, stating the terms kept and the examinations passed.' Resolution 4 was rejected by 254 votes to 35: 'Women who have passed (under the same regulations as apply to undergraduates) all the examinations required for the degree of B.A. shall receive a certificate stating the examination passed and certifying that, so far as passing examinations is concerned, they have satisfied the conditions under which undergraduates are entitled to supplicate for the degree of B.A.' Resolution 5, moved by the President of Corpus, was rejected by 140 votes to 136: 'Women who have passed any of the examinations included in the "Oxford University Examination for Women" under the supervision of the delegates of local examinations shall receive a diploma, stating the college, hall, or other educational body, if any, to which the student has belonged, and the examination or examinations passed.'The 48 items are as follows:1. 'A. B. C.' - A Personal Explanation. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 4pp., 12mo. Bifolium. He sides with those who consider it 'necessary to protect the women against themselves', and 'necessary to protect the University against the women'. The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.2. W. R. Anson - A Reply to the Camden Professor. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 2pp., 12mo. Ownership inscription at head of first page: 'M H Green'. 'Resolution (5) offers to every woman who passes a University examination precisely what every man in the days of testamurs received as a matter of course, and what he is still entitled to receive if he asks for it - namely, a certificate stating the College or Hall from which he came and the nature of his achievement. | Only we proposes that the Diploma should comprise in one document a compendious statement of all the examinations passed; and that whereas the examinations are open as heretofore to all women, resident or non-resident, the recognition which the University is now asked to accord should not be limited to certain favoured societies. These have thriven hitherto without such protection as Mr. Pelham desires to extend to them.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.3. W. R. Anson - Resolution (2). Diploma versus Degree. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 1p., 4to. 'Note this, wavering reader, and if you contemplate voting for Resolution (2), prepare yourself for a speedy recurrence of last Tuesday's debate, and be ready with an answer to the women who will shortly tell you that they have complied with every condition that is imposed on a male candidate for the B.A. degree, that they have done so at your express invitation, and that they ask for the title which they have earned.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.4. William R. Anson, Chairman; T. Case; A. H. Johnson and L. R. Farnell, Secretaries - The due Recognition of Women in the University. [Voting in Congregation, Tuesday, March 3, at 2 p.m.] No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'March 2, 1896.' 1p., 12mo. Stating the reasons which they consider 'justify us in asking Congregation not only to reject the first four Resolutions, but to vote for Resolution 5'. The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.5. William R. Anson, Chairman; James Bellamy; Thomas Case; Arthur H. Johnson and Lewis R. Farnell, Secretaries - The due Recognition of Women by the University of Oxford. The Adjourned Voting in Congregation takes place Tuesday, March 10, at 2 o'clock. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 1p., 4to. Begins: 'Congregation has rejected Resolution (1) by 215 to 140. We ask you now to reject Resolutions (2) (3) (4), and to vote for Resolution (5).' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC Worldcat at Oxford.6. 'Aristotle' - To Members of Congregation. No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'March 2, 1896.' 1p., 4to. Concludes: 'Members of Congregation, you have had no lack of literature. This warning is designed solely to save you from lengthy speeches and irrelevant explanations before voting. | YOU HAVE READ: YOU UNDERSTAND: JUDGE: VOTE.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.7. [Association for the Education of Women in Oxford] - [The following Report was approved by the Council of the Association for the Education of Women at a Meeting held March 6, 1895.] No publication details. [Oxford, 1895.] 3pp., 4to. Bifolium. In favour of 'some scheme whereby Women Students, who have complied with all the conditions (of residence and examination) required of men for the B.A. degree, may receive due recognition, | (a) by admission to the B.A. degree; | (b) by the grant of a University diploma, stating their residence and qualifications'. No copies on COPAC or OCLC WorldCat.8. [Association for the Education of Women in Oxford] - Association for the Education of Women. Clarendon Building, Oxford. 6th April, 1895. No publication details. [Oxford, 1895.] 2pp., 12mo. Announcing a meeting, 4 May 1895, 'to consider a proposal to petition the Hebdomadal Council for the Recognition by the University of resident Women Students who are duly qualified, whether by admission to the B.A. degree, or by a Diploma certifying that they have fulfilled all the conditions required from men for that Degree.' No copies on COPAC or OCLC WorldCat.9. 'C.' - Resolution (5). 'I think it will be found that their exhortations are of two sorts appropriate to these two classes.' No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 1p., 4to. Ownership inscription on reverse: 'Miss | (All the resolutions were rejected)'. Satirical 'pro' handbill, purportedly printing an 'anti' correspondence of four letters between 'A', 'B' and 'C', the last being Thomas Case. Concludes with 'C' telling 'A': 'Answer Bright yourself. I am just finishing my fifteenth answer to Macan.' At foot: '"NOTE THIS WAVERING READER."' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.10. E. Armstrong. Anecdota Apologetica. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 3pp., 4to. Bifolium. Begins: 'I stated in reply to a letter of Miss Rogers that the majority of male teachers were opposed to the Degree for Women.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.11. J. Franck Bright - What is a Diploma? - (A few words about Resolution 5.) No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'UNIV. COLL., Feb. 25th, 1896.' 3pp., 12mo. Bifolium. 'The Diploma is in fact merely a veil, thrown over the opposition to all claims on the part of women to recognition by the University. That such opposition should be strongly felt is natural enough. That it should be thought necessary to veil it under the flimsy offer of a gift which is no gift is a sorry compliment to Congregation.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.12. [Cambridge University Reporter (Cambridge)] First article (10pp., 4to, paginated 544-553) in the 'Discussions of Reports' section of the issue of 3 March 1896, regardingftjejthhe a meeting held on 26 February 1896 'for the discussion of the Report of the Council of the Senate, dated 17 February 1896, on certain Memorials relating to the Admission of Women to Degrees in the University'. On six leaves extracted from the journal, paginated 543-554.13. Thomas Case - A Brief History of the Proposal to admit Women to Degrees at Cambridge in 1887-8. With a Preface and a note on Residence. Oxford: Printed by James Parker and Co., Crown Yard. February 20, 1896. 28pp., 12mo. Concludes: 'The Association, and the Resident M.A.'s, some knowingly, others in ignorance of the Statutes, others thinking that they were asking for a mere title, demanded matriculation. Some of them will take what they can get now. But immediately afterwards they will agitate for what they demanded. The new-fangled conditions of Resolutions (1) (2) (3) are as worthless as Mr. Gladstone's safeguards of Home Rule.' Six copies on COPAC and one more (Yale) on OCLC WorldCat.14. Thomas Case - "Is it proposed to Matriculate Women?" No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'February 22, 1896.' 1p., 4to. Ownership inscription of 'M H Green' in pencil on reverse. Begins: 'Mr. Grose is proposing to make for women, as quasi-members of the University, "a University Register" without deciding whether it is to be the Liber Matriculationis or not. This is inconsistent with the very first Statute under the Title "De Matricula Universitatis," and with the wise principles on which Matriculation is founded'. The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.15. Thomas Case - The Real Issue of Resolution (4) (Note for Congregation, Tuesday, March 3). No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'March 2, 1896.' 1p., 4to. 'The real issue of Resolution (4), therefore, is - | (1) Shall women, in order to pass examinations under the same regulations as apply to Undergraduates be members of the University; registered, though not matriculated? | (2) How long would this distinction without a difference last?' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.16. Thomas Case - An Undelivered Speech against Resolution (4). Mr. Macan's Papers of February 11 and February 27. By Thomas Case. No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'February 29, 1896.' 4pp., foolscap 8vo. Bifolium. With red and white label of the Board of Education Reference Library. Heavily worn at extremities. 'Mr. Grose and Mr. Macan aspire to be co-founders of a Double University with a Double Register. The effect would be perpetual complications and ceaseless struggles of women to break through the barrier of matriculation.' Macan 'concludes his Paper of February 11 with an expectation that his proposal may only sow the seeds of an after-growth of further and further legislation in the future. Its whole tone is, not settlement, but agitation.' The only two copies on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat both at Oxford. 17. C. H. Firth - Resolution II. A Grievance and its Remedies. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 4pp., 12mo. Bifolium. Concludes: 'Congregation has been asked to pass Resolution (5) on the ground that it "in no way endangers the present prosperity of the women's colleges, Oxford." It would both "endanger their prosperity" and diminish their educational efficiency. The most promising students, and those who intended to become teachers, would seek education where their merits were more adequately rewarded. Women of less ability would be attracted to Oxford, because they would receive in the so-called "Diploma" a more showy reward than any other University would give them for equally low attainments. Does Congregation wish to produce these results, or does it wish to give women educated here as good a chance of earning their bread as women educated at Cambridge?' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.18. Percy Gardner - Mixed Universities: What is the teaching of experience? No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'March 5, 1896.' 4pp., 12mo. Bifolium. 'At present our women's Colleges are eager to become part of the University of Oxford, instead of living out their own lives. It is not for us to blame them. But we may have a duty to decline the alliance. And unless we are prepared to admit women to full partnership in the University, it is more kind, more just and more generous to express our determination in the clearest way.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.19. T. H. Grose - Can the University stop, if it grants the B.A. Degree to Women? No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 3pp., small 4to. Bifolium. Begins: 'So many persons have asked me whether the B.A. necessarily entails the M.A., and if M.A. were ever granted, what it would mean, that I am tempted to reply on paper.' Grose is of the opinion that 'Whether the University would stop, depends entirely on its own action.' After stating his position, he concludes with an attack on an opponent: 'Professor Case is a prophet: he knows the future. To others it is only given to infer that certain consequences might happen, and then to endeavour to calculate their chances. But Professor Case knows. | Let me compare him, for once, to a woman. He is the Oxford Cassandra. For years he has poured his melancholy wail. But the University survives.' A footnote at the end of this reads: 'What are we to say to a Professor who on the supposition that a Professor might be required to give 42 lectures in the year to each sex, makes this comment "That would sacrifice his leisure for learning"? | 42 lectures given twice over: 84 hours in all. If a Professor resided 8 weeks a term like a College Lecturer, this gives an average of 3½ hours a week: and this labour would "sacrifice his leisure for learning." One dreads to calculate the loss which the learned world suffers, when a Professor interrupts his studies to pen a flysheet or a letter to the Times.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.20. T. H. Grose - Is it proposed to Matriculate Women? No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 3pp., 4to. Bifolium. Concludes: 'The Warden [of Merton College] argues that "residence at Oxford" "in the case of young women", "means something quite indefinite". One rubs one's eyes. Has there been no such thing as the residence in Oxford of Women Students? Has it not justified its existence? And is no distinction tenable between residence at these Halls, which includes attendance at College Lectures, and instructions by Oxford Tutors - and residence at Egham, which does not include Oxford Lectures and Tuition?' The only two copies on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat both at Oxford.21. T. H. Grose - Memorandum for the Committee of Council. Admission of Women to the B.A. Degree. 2pp., 12mo. No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'June 4, 1895.' Headed in type: 'Private.' In red ink at head (by M. H. Green?): '1. | First form. | June 1895'. Aged and worn with damage to extremities. Stamp of the Board of Education Library, label and shelfmark. Begins: 'At present women are admitted to every examination of the B.A. course, and they are at liberty to pick and choose among the examinations, and in some cases to offer a part only of the subjects of an examination. This privilege is given to women generally: it is not confined to those students who are resident in Oxford.' No copies on Copac or OCLC WorldCat.22. T. H. Grose - Reply to Professor Case. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 2pp., 4to. Ownership inscription of 'Miss '. Begins: 'Professor Case seems to think that Congregation, which at present has such momentous issues before it, will be interested to learn whether the opinions which I hold to-day are in all points the same that they were last Summer.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.23. T. H. Grose - Some Replies. No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'Feb. 27, 1896.' 4pp., 4to. Bifolium. Subtitles: 'To Mr. Wakeman', 'To Mr. Armstrong' ('To sum up. All these years Women at Cambridge have been taking the strict course, with admirable results. Why should they not do the same at Oxford? Is our system of examinations so much worse than that of Cambridge, is it so vile in itself that Women must, at all hazards, be saved from it?'), 'To Mr. Strachan-Davidson'. The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.24. A. H. Johnson, All Soul's - Some Replies to Miss Maitland and Mr. Grose. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 3pp., 12mo. Concludes: 'Is the University prepared to alter its organisation for the sake of a possible product of the future? | And does it seriously consider the forcible introduction of Greek into girls' schools desirable or practicable, just at the time when in boys' schools that study is being contracted?' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.25. A. H. Johnson, All Soul's College - "The Strict Course" for Women. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 1p., 12mo. 'The experience of the past justifies the prediction that for a considerable time a majority and always a considerable number of Women Students will be unable to take the Honours Course. | For these the "Strict Course" will therefore be that Ordinary Pass Course, with its absence of time limit, which many Colleges refuse to allow their men to follow, and which does not at present recommend itself to Head Masters as a good teaching certificate.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.26. [Bertha J. Johnson; George C. Brodrick, Warden of Merton; Robert J. Wilson, Warden of Keble; Prof. Percy Gardner; E. Armstrong, Tutor to the Association for the Education of Women; A. H. Johnson, All Souls College; Lewis R. Farnell, Exeter College] - The Due Recognition of Women by The University of Oxford. Papers by Mrs. Johnson, Warden of Merton, Warden of Keble, Prof. Gardner, E. Armstrong, A. H. Johnson, L. R. Farnell [the last five bracketed together as 'Members of the University']. Published by Order of the Committee, February 17, 1896. [Oxford: Horace Hart, Printer to the University. February 17, 1896.] 32pp., 12mo. In grey printed wraps, with title reading 'Papers against Resolutions (1), (2), (3), & (4). To be submitted to Congregation on Tuesday March 3, at 2 o'clock. Published by order of the Committee: - [the names of the 23 committee members follow].' With ownership inscription of 'M. H. Green' on front cover. Three copies on COPAC (Oxford, Exeter, LSE), and none in the British Library. (No information available at OCLC WorldCat.)27. 'M. A.' - A Suggestion. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 2pp., 12mo. Ownership inscription of 'M H Green' in pencil at head of first page. 'Why should not the friends of Resolution 2 come to terms with those who wish, while requiring residence, to give women the option between their own present curriculum, and that of men? [...] If we reward Honour-examinations of unequal difficulty (not to speak of Passmen) with an equal honour in the case of men, why not do the same in the case of women?' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.28. Reginald W. Macan - Diplomas and Degrees for Women. To Members of Congregation. Oxford: Printed by James Parker and Co., Crown Yard. Dated 'UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, | 11 Feb., 1896.' 12pp., 12mo. Stitched. Begins: 'As one who for upwards of twenty years has taken a personal interest in the movement for the Higher Education of Women, and has lately been examining a large amount of evidence and opinion upon the subject, I venture to lay before members of Congregation the following considerations, which, if approved, may lead them to accept the fourth Resolution to be proposed on March 3, and to reject the three previous Resolutions. On the merits of the fifth Resolution I await instruction from the debate, and have no remarks to offer here.' The only copies on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford (two) and Cornell.29. Reginald W. Macan - A Soft Answer to the Undelivered Speech of Professor Case. Oxford: Printed by James Parker and Co., Crown Yard. Dated 'Univ. Coll. | Sunday, 1 March, 1896.' 4pp., foolscap 8vo. 'I desire to procure a strong and clear verdict against the recognition of Residence. But [...] I trust that my position may not be identified with the position of Professor Case, whose words of "wisdom," of "kindness," of "justice" to the Association, the Colleges and Halls for Women-students in Oxford, reduced to simpler elements, appear to me to amount to that somewhat blunt imperative: collige sarcinulas et exi: pack up, and be off with you, bag and baggage!' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.30. Reginald W. Macan - The Value of a Certificate for "The Strict Course," and the Justice of the Demand for it. Oxford: Printed by James Parker and Co., Crown Yard. Dated '27 Feb., 1896.' Headed: 'Six Reasons for supporting Resolution (4).' The only two copies on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat both at Oxford.31. Agnes C. Maitland, Somerville College - The Due Recognition of Women by the University of Oxford. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 4pp., 12mo. Bifolium. Begins: 'It is somewhat singular that the opponents of the recognition of women should choose this heading for their pamphlet; it is also singular that on an important point three should misquote the Report issued by the Committee of Council.' 'Those who have the education of women students most closely at heart, who see them hour by hour and day by day, the Principals and tutors resident in the Colleges and Halls, desire to attract - not compel - most women students to the stricter course for their own educational good, and to secure for them the best mental discipline. For this purpose the degree would be of infinite value'. The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.32. Thomas Moore. - The Epicurean. 1p., 4to. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] A quotation from Moore's novel of 1827, regarding 'distractions [...] least favourable to composure of thought', when young men and women study together. Finely printed on superior watermarked laid paper. Begins: 'Though study, as may easily be supposed, engrossed but little of the mornings of the Garden, [...]'. The only copy on COPAC at Oxford, whose entry erroneously states: 'Actually an anonymous satire on the proposed admission of women to the BA degree at Oxford University in 1896, ending with a quotation from Thomas Moore.' (In fact the entire text is taken from Moore's work, with no editorial interpolations whatsoever.) Results from OCLC WorldCat are unclear.33. 'An Old Liberal' - The Inferiority of the Undergraduate Course proposed by Resolutions (2) & (4) to the Freedom of Education proposed by Resolution (5) in the case of Women. No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'March 9, 1896. 4pp., 4to. Bifolium. Addressed 'TO MEMBERS OF CONGREGATION.' On worn and heavily aged paper. Concludes by observing that 'even if Cambridge, though it is not likely, should succumb to the temptation of imitating other Universities, and giving women degrees, it would only become all the more necessary for Oxford to occupy the unique position of maintaining the present Oxford University Examination of Women intact, in order that it may survey with a beneficent eye the whole education of English girls; looking with equal fairness to all the institutions which educate them, in or out of Oxford; and avoiding a rigid reduction of female to the standard of male education.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.34. [Oxford University Gazette (Oxford)] - Oxford University Gazette. Published by Authority. Issue of 'Tuesday, February 18, 1896. Supplement to No. 854.' Headed 'Memorials and Resolutions with respect to the Admission of Women to the B.A. Degree, laid before the Hebdomadal Council in 1895 and 1896.' Printed by Horace Hart, Printer to the University (Controller of the Clarendon Press), at his Office in the Press, in the Parish of St. Thomas; and published by him at the Depository, 116 High Street, in the Parish of All Saints, in the City of Oxford. - Tuesday, February 18, 1896. 8pp., 8vo, paginated 287-294. Heavily worn at extremities.35. H. F. Pelham - An Appeal. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 1p., small 4to. Urging Congregation to vote against Resolution 5, 'and at once avoid debasing the University currency, by the indiscriminate issue of cheap diplomas, and abstain from inflicting an appreciable injury on a class whom they are ready to befriend'. The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.36. H. F. Pelham - A Reply to the Warden of All Souls by the Camden Professor. No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'Feb. 24, 1896.' 2pp., small 4to. Begins: 'Sir W. Anson holds that I have misunderstood and misrepresented the New Resolution (5). I am afraid that I cannot plead guilty to the charge.' He believes that, as with men, the 'eminently reasonable distinction' between 'students who have been taught in Oxford, and students who have merely passed Oxford examinations' ought not to be 'ignored in the case of women'. The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.37. [Henry Pelham and T. H. Grose] 'H. P.' and 'T. H. G.'- The B.A. Degree for Women. Congregation, Tuesday, March 3, at 2 p.m. in the Divinity School. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 1p., 4to. Begins: 'You are earnestly requested to be present, and to stay to the end, and to vote against No. (5).' Concludes: 'If No. (1) is lost, and No. (2) is carried, we are indifferent as to whether No. (3) is carried, but we shall vote against No. (4).' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.38. [Henry Pelham and T. H. Grose] 'H. P.' and 'T. H. G.' - (Second Notice.) The B.A. Degree for Women. Congregation, Tuesday, March 10, at 2 p.m. in the Divinity School. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 1p., 4to. 'You are earnestly requested to vote for No. (2), which grants a Diploma equivalent to a Degree. There can be no doubt that such a Diploma will be of immense value to the Women Students. | If (2) is lost, you are earnestly requested to vote against Nos. (3) and (4) as well as against (5): for if both Degree and Degree-Diploma are lost, neither (3), (4), nor (5) can be accepted as satisfactory.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.39. Annie M. A. H. Rogers, Secretary to the Association for Promoting the Education of Women in Oxford - A Reply to Mr. Strachan-Davidson. No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'February 19, 1896.' 2pp., 12mo. Begins: 'Mr. Strachan-Davidson's suggestion of a Chartered University for Women, though kindly in intention, cannot have been seriously put forward. He fails to understand what women really desire. They do not ask for a title, status, and academic costume. Such distinctions are already within their reach, and are granted by Universities of ancient and modern foundation in England, Scotland, and elsewhere; but they ask that when they have studied at Oxford or Cambridge, and fulfilled the conditions prescribed for the degree, they may receive the title which is commonly understood to indicate that a person has received an education approved by one of these Universities.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.40. [Arthur Sidgwick] 'A. S.' - Admission of Women to the B.A. Degree. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 4pp., 12mo. Bifolium. Ownership inscription at head of first page: 'M H Green'. The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford. 'Now that nine other Universities in the United Kingdom (viz. London, Victoria, Wales, Durham, Aberdeen, St. Andrews, Edinburgh, Glasgow, and the Royal Irish University) admit women to Degrees, the women trained at Oxford and Cambridge feel all the more keenly the inferiority of their position. They have found the absence of a Degree injurious to them in the teaching profession. It precludes them from competing for some appointments, and decreases their chance of election to others.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.41. [Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick] - Mrs. Sidgwick's Letter. No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'Newham College, | February 12, 1896.' 7pp., small 4to. Beneath title: 'I have been requested to send this letter to all Members of Congregation. | T. H. GROSE.' Begins: 'I have thought that it might be of interest to Members of the Senate - especially in view of a fly-sheet circulated by Professor Marshall - to have before them some of the facts about women students.' A well-reasoned paper, including a discussion of the 'hasty generalisations as to the limits of women's intellectual powers', in which she points out that many had previously 'smiled at the notion that women, except one or two here and there, could be capable of taking University honours at all. When they had achieved distinction in some of the newer Triposes, it was still confidently affirmed that the highest places in the time-honoured Mathematical and Classical examinations were beyond their reach. When at length a woman obtained the position of Senior Wrangler, it was prophesied that, at any rate, the second part of the Mathematical Tripos would reveal the inexorable limitations of the feminine intellect. Then, when this last prophecy has shared the fate of its predecessors, it is discovered that the domestic qualities of women especially fit them for Tripos Examinations of all kinds, but not for vigorous mental work afterwards.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.42. J. L. Strachan-Davidson - University Degrees for Women. To Members of Congregation. No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'Balliol, | February, 1896.' 2pp., 4to. He considers that the 'solution to our present difficulties seems [...] to lie in the adoption of a scheme not unlike that proposed three years ago by the Bishop of Stepney', citing the Nineteenth Century, May, 1893, 'An Imperial University for Women': 'Why cannot Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin, the tree Universities which have not, as yet, conferred Degrees on women, join in a petition to the Crown to grant a Charter for a University whose sole function it shall be to give Degrees of Arts to women, determining for itself the conditions of examinations and of residence under which such Degrees shall be granted?' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.43. [The Times (London)] - State of the Opposition to Women's Degrees at Cambridge in the Interests of the University. [From the Times, February 24.] No publication details. [Oxford?] [1896.] 1p., 4to. A straight transcription, with no editorial content, of extracts from an article titled 'The Admission of Women to Degrees', dated 'Cambridge, February 22 [1896]', regarding a meeting that afternoon at the Masonic Hall by 'members of the Senate opposed to granting the existing B.A. degree to women, or to any measure which would tend to make Cambridge a mixed University'. The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.44. [University of Oxford] - Admission of Women to the B.A. Degree. No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'Feb. 29, 1896.' 1p., small 4to. In two columns, the first listing eight groups and individuals who have 'given their support to the proposal', and the second four who have 'opposed the proposal'. The first column is impressive, the second is not (including among the four 'The Principal of the Royal Holloway College, Egham'). The document concludes: 'The weight of such judgments should not be underestimated. See the Warden of Keble's letter, Times, Feb. 10, 1896.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.45. [University of Oxford] - The Value of a Genuine Diploma. Signed in type by 'A Member of the Council of the Association for the Education of Women in Oxford', 'A Member of the Council of Lady Margaret Hall', 'A Member of the Council of Somerville College', 'A Member of the Council of St. Hugh's Hall'. 2pp., 4to. No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'March 9, 1896.' Concludes with a reference to 'Lewis Carroll': 'Mr. Dodgson's paper ['Resident Women-Students' by 'Charles L. Dodgson'] claims a few words. He speaks of the full light of facts and proceeds to instance the opinions and fears of the late Dr. Liddon. The new movement of Women's University Education has been in operation for some years, but Oxford is not flooded with women students, and even at Cambridge, where a University certificate conditional on residence has been given to them since 1881, they still number under 300. The ready consent of members of the University to admit women students to their lectures is a sufficient answer to Mr. Dodgson's imputations upon their conduct.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.46. Henry O. Wakeman - To Members of Congregation. Some reasons for voting against resolutions I., II., III. and IV., and for resolution V. No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'ALL SOULS COLLEGE, | February, 1896.' 4pp., 4to. Bifolium. Among the six reasons given for voting against the first four resolutions, and for the fifth, is that 'the granting of the Degree will induce many Women Students to undertake a course of study harmful to their education and their health'. The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.47. J. Wells [Oxford] - The Question of Residence. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 3pp., 4to. Bifolium. Begins: 'The University, last Tuesday, by a majority of 73, rejected the request of the women students for the B.A., and settled in the negative (so far as anything can be settled) the question - "is Oxford to be a mixed University?"' Concludes: 'By voting for 5 [...], we insultingly offer a settlement which is no settlement, and open the door at once for renewed agitation.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.48. 'X.' - Thoughts Suggested by an Undelivered Speech. No publication details. [Oxford.] Dated 'March 2, 1896.' 3pp., 12mo. Bifolium. Concludes by asking whether it is 'possible [...] to withhold "on principle" from white women the rights accorded to black men'. The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.49. 'Y.' - The due Recognition of Women in the University. Reasons for Voting for Resolution 5. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 1p., 8vo. Ownership inscription of 'M H Green'. Giving a 'suggested specimen of the "Diploma" offered to Women by the Warden of All Souls', the President of St. John's, Professor Case, and other recognized friends of the Higher Education of Women'. The 'specimen' concerns 'A. B., a member of the Collegiate Institution for Young Ladies, Heligoland', and a footnote comments: 'Any other (or no) place of Education would do equally well: the further off the better.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.50. 'Z.' - A Noble Resolution. No publication details. [Oxford, 1896.] 1p., 12mo. Satirical handbill ('anti') on pink paper. Begins: 'And a fraud it is, this Resolution 5; a heartless fraud.' Concludes: 'But please, Mr. Manager, what does not obstructive mean? | Not obstructive, Miss, is when you can walk backwards as fast as you please. | But please, what is a constructive plan? | A constructive plan, Miss, is one of these sketches for a house in Cloudcuckootown. No, Miss, we don't charge for it. Anything to oblige a lady.' The only copy on COPAC and OCLC WorldCat at Oxford.