[Small archive; Ireland 1920] Robert Lynd & the Daily News, Telegrams & Articles on Ireland, 1920

The items gathered here comprise telegrams of copy sent from Ireland by Robert Lynd to his Fleet Street newspaper, the London Daily News, together with manuscripts of his editors on the paper, and his own collection of newspaper cuttings of his articles, some gathered together with a view of publication in book form, together with some articles by other writers, relating to the 'Black and Tan' period.The first item in this list is a document of particular historical importance. It is the actual telegram in which Robert Lynd, Special Correspondent in Ireland for the London Daily News, broke the news of the 'Listowel Affair': the 'Mutiny of Constables' which occurred at Listowel, County Kerry, on 19 June 1920, after Lieut.-Col. Gerald Smyth, Chief Commissioner of the Royal Irish Constabulary, instructed his men to adopt a policy of what was immediately described as 'Dyerism' (in reference to the Amritsar Massacre), involving the indiscriminate brutalisation of the local population, with a guarantee of indemnity against prosecution in cases of wrongful killing. The publication of the article caused a sensation and significantly altered public opinion on both sides of the Irish Sea. The telegram contains some matter not published in the actual article, Lynd's own copy of which is also present. The collection also contains four other pieces from the Daily News concerning the incident, including one reporting that 'The article from Mr. Robert Lynd, the special correspondent of "The Daily News" in Ireland, [...] has caused a great sensation in Irish official circles.' A Daily News leader refers to 'the amazing document which came into the hands of Mr. Robert Lynd, our Special Correspondent in Ireland', and another piece refers to the 'document reporting an amazing speech', revealed by 'Mr. Lynd's telegram'. Until now Lynd's important role in the incident has not been noted.Several of the articles, written by Lynd from Dublin, Cork and Galway in what Lynd calls 'the year of revolution, 1920' - were intended for publication in a volume to be titled Ireland a Republic. The book was to be divided into two parts: 'Ireland under Sinn Fein' and 'Humours and Ethics of the Lloyd George War against Ireland'. Whatever the reason for the book's non-appearance, the quality of the pieces is not in question: they are written with all of Lynd's verve and wit, and along with the other eight of his articles in this collection, they richly deserve republication. In addition to the Smyth telegram, there are a further four telegrams giving versions of articles as they were received by the Daily News in London from Lynd in Dublin, together with another giving the text of an untraced article. All six are worked over and reordered by the copy editor. They have an immediacy and impact, and are truly history in the making.Also of interest are four items from a minor controversy regarding Lynd's Irish Daily News despatches. The last of Lynd's articles is a reply by him to criticism from A. A. Milne, best-known, of course, as the author of Winnie the Pooh. 'Mr. Lynd is not helping me', Milne writes. 'An inspector of police is murdered with every circumstance of cowardly brutality, and Mr. Lynd takes us charmingly by the button-hole: "I must just tell you," he says, "how active the Sinn Fein courts are in maintaining justice. A Protestant who lost some of his cattle . . ." A railway magnate is the victim of an equally foul murder, and perhaps Mr. Lynd has another little story for us, illustrative of Sinn Fein's passion for putting down crimes in Ireland. [...] perhaps Mr. Lynd wishes us to know that only an idiotic Englishman would warn his victim; the Sinn Feiner is much too smart for that.' Lynd defends himself with spirit: 'I went to Ireland two months ago to describe the life, the activities, the aspirations, the sufferings, the tragedy, and the comedy (if discoverable) of the Irish of to-day. If my articles have bewildered Mr. Milne I think it is because the facts of Irish life must bewilder anyone who sets out, as he apparently does, with the notion that Ireland is a country in which ordinary peaceful policemen and soldiers are shot in cold blood from behind hedges.' A30 contains Lynd's own copy of Milne's original attack, as well as Milne's response to Lynd's reply (written with unusual passion, recalling his own war experiences), and a letter defending Lynd by Maurice F. Healy. Once again, this controversy has not been previously noted. Accompanying Lynd's article on the sacking of Balbriggan are six articles, the title of the first of which could be quoted in support of Lynd against Milne's cosy view: 'Englishmen Sack Irish Town. Men bayoneted to death. "We are the boys of the bulldog breed"'.The following description is divided into six parts:A. Telegrams from Lynd to the Daily News, 1920 (T1-T12)B. Manuscripts of Articles by Lynd, prepared by his Fleet Street editors, 1920C. Lynd's own cuttings of his Articles from Ireland for the Daily News, 1920 (A1-A23)D. Miscellaneous Articles by Lynd, 1911-1924 (A24-A28)E. Miscellaneous Articles on Ireland by others, 1920 (A29-A32)F. Reviews relating to Lynd, 1919-1920 (A33-A37)A. Telegrams from Lynd to the Daily News, 1920The telegrams usually consist of green ticker tape pasted into strips on 8vo leaves letterheads. The text is cut up and rearranged by Lynd's copy editor at the Daily News, who supplies instructions in manuscript.A1. [Dublin, 9 July 1920. '"Dyerism" in Ireland.'] Post Office Telegraphs telegram, '8 15 PM ROBERT LYNDD [sic] DUBLIN TO DAILY NEWS LONDON'. Undated, but sent on Friday 9 July 1920. Published in the Daily News, 10 July 1920, as A22B below ('"Dyerism" in Ireland. Frightfulness as a policy. Startling speech. "The more you shoot the better." From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Dublin, Friday.') 9pp., numbered to 8 (with 5A). Complete. Cut into fourteen sections and rearranged for publication. For ease of reading the following quotations are given from the article, but the impact of the telegram is even greater, being more personal and immediate: 'I have just seen an amazing and horrifying document, which is likely to cause some sensation in the next few days in the House of Commons. [...] I have myself seen the signatures of the four police constables in the R.I.C., who guarantee the truth of the document.' RL proceeds to report a speech made to his officers by 'a Divisional Commissioner in the R.I.C.' (soon revealed to be Lieut.-Col. Gerald Smyth at Listowel): '"Well, men," the Divisional Commissioner is reported to have said, "I have something of interest to tell you; something that I am sure you would not wish your wives to hear. [...] Sinn Fein has had all the sport up to the present, and we are going to have the sport now. [...] If a police barracks is burned or if the barracks already occupied is not suitable, then the best house in the locality is to be commandeered, the occupants thrown out in the gutter - let them die there - the more the merrier. Police and military will patrol the country [...] lie in ambush, and when civilians are seen approaching shout "Hands up." [...] If the persons approaching carry their hands in their pockets, or are in any way suspicious-looking, shoot them down. You may make mistakes occasionally, and innocent persons may be shot, but that cannot be helped, and you are bound to get the right parties sometimes. | The more you shoot the better I will like you, and I assure you no policeman will get into trouble for shooting any man. [...]" [...] The men refused, their spokesman declaring angrily: "You are a murderer!" The Divisional Commissioner then, it is stated, ordered the arrest of the man, but his comrades stood forward and declared that if a hand was laid on him "the room will run with blood."' The published article does not reproduce the conclusion of the telegram: 'LUCKILY ENOUGH MEMBERS O PARLT NOW KNOW T NAME O T MEN INVOLVED TO TKE STEPS TO FORBID THIS TERRIBLE CRIME AS I HVE SD I WD NOT AND CD NOT HVE BELIEVED T STORY IF I HD NOT SEEN T SIGNATURES O T FOUR CONSTS I FEEL HOWEVER IT IN T INTERESTS O T ENGLISH PEOPLE AND T EXTRAORDINARILY PLUCKY RANK AND FILE O T R-I-C AS WELL AS O T PEOPLE O IRELAND THIS SENSATIONAL DOCUMENT SHD HVE WIDE PUBLICITY END MGE DUBLIN C T O'.A2. [Cork, 16 July 1920.] Post Office Telegrams telegraph '6 PM LYNCH CORK DAILY NEWS LDN'. Dated in manuscript 'July 16th 1920'. 8pp, The first and fourth pages not on ticker tape but printed out, and the other six pages in carbon copy of manuscript. Last lines of p.5 cut away by copy editor. Begins: 'DYERISM IN IRELAND BY ROBERT LYND CORK SIR HAMAR GREENWOODS REPLY TO THE SERIOUS CHARGE OF THE ADVOCACY OF DYERISM THAT [sic] LISTOWEL BY A HIGH GOVT OFFICIAL IS RIGHTLY OR WRONGLY REGARDED IN IRELAND AS A PLEA OF GUILTY THE LISTOWEL AFFAIR IS NOT AN ISOLATED EVENT IT IS ONLY IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT IS THE FIRST AFFAIR OF A BAD KIND IN WHICH POLICEMEN HAVE COME FORWARD WITH AN OFFER OF EVIDENCE AGAINST THEIR SUPERIORS'.A3. [Dublin, July 1920. 'Prussianism in Ireland.'] Post Office Telegraphs telegram 'SP 6 25 PM LYND DUBLIN TO DAILY NEWS LONDON'. Undated (July 1920). Published in the Daily News as A10 below ('Prussianism in Ireland. Need for Inquiry into Country's Policing. Sinn Fein calls to Labour. By Robert Lynd. Dublin, Sunday.') 14pp., numbered to 13 (with 7A). Complete, except for one line of ticker tape at foot of p.4 (supplied from the published version as 'The general body of police') and with p.10 cut in two. Begins: 'DUBLIN IS STILL IN A STATE OF SEIGE [sic] BUT YOU HAVE TO TAKE A PENNY TRAM TO SEE IT IF YOU ARE ON A TRAM YOU GET PAST THE BARBED WIRE AND THE SANDBAGS AND THE BAYONETS AND THE SOLDIERS IN TRENCHHELMETS WITHOUT QUESTION BUT IF YOU ARE IN A MOTOR THE SOLDIERS HOLD YOU UP AND A POLICEMAN EXAMINES YOU'. Lynd states that 'DUBLIN IS MCH LESS INTERESTED IN ITS BARBED WIRE ENTANGLEMENTS THAN IN T SENSATIONAL STORY O T POL MUTINY THAT WS PUBLISHED ON SATY [i.e. RL's '"Dyerism" in Ireland' piece, see 1 above]'. He quotes at length from an interview he has just had 'WI MR ARTHUR GRIFFITH THE FOUNDER O SINN FEIN AND T REPUBLICAN VICE PRESIDENT WITH REGARD TO THE PRESENT SITUATION AND ESPECIALLY WITH REGARD TO THE LABOUR CONGRESS TO BE HELD ON TUESDAY ON THE QUESTION OF HANDLING MUNITIONS'.A4. [Cork, July 1920. 'The Paradox.'] Post Office Telegraphs telegraph '11 * 35 ROBT LYND CORK TO DLI NEWS LON'. Undated (July 1920). Published in the Daily News as A12 below ('The Paradox. Outstanding Features of the Irish Position. (By Robert Lynd.) Cork, Saturday.') 16pp. Complete. Cut into 19 sections. Begins: 'I AM WRITING THIS IN A ST IN CORK T NAME O WH HS BN ALTERED FM KING-ST TO MCCURTAIN-ST IN HONOR O T MURDERED LD MAYOR ONLY A NIGHT OR TWO AGO T KING-ST POLICE BKS OUT O WH T MURDERERS O T LD MAYOR R POPULARLI BELIEVD TO HV ISSUED WS BURNED TO A RUIN O BARE WALLS AND TODAY T ORANGE WHITE AND GREEN FLAG O T IRISH REPUBLIC FLIES ABV WAT IS LEFT O IT'.A5. [Galway, 1920. 'The Last Struggle.'] Post Office Telegraphs telegram '6 PM ROBERT LYND GALWAY TO DLY NEWS LONDON'. Undated. Published in the Daily News as A19A below (''The Last Struggle. How the "Republic" Takes Charge on the Railway. From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Galway, Monday.') 19pp., numbered to 13 (with 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A). Complete. Cut into 23 sections, and with an duplicate p.2 ('Uncertain if previously sent you'). Begins: 'I SAW A MAGPIE AT MULLINGAR I KNEW SOMETHING WS GOING TO HAPPEN I SAW TWO MAGPIES NEAR ATHLONE I GUESSED THERE WS NOTHING TO WORRY ABOUT WHEN WE LEFT DUBLIN FOR GALWAY AT TWENTYFIVE PAST SEVEN IN 7E MORNING THERE WERE NO ARMED MEN ON BOARD THERE WS A SOLDIER IN THE TRAIN BUT HE WAS RIFLELESS'.A6. [Galway, July 1920. 'Cut off in Galway'.] Post Office Telegraphs telegram '6 * 23 ROBERT LYND TO DLY NEWS LDN'. Undated (July 1920). Published in the Daily News as A6 below ('Cut off in Galway. Ireland's romantic city. From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Galway, Thursday.') 14pp., numbered to 10 (with 3A, 4A, 5A, 8A). Cut into 18 sections, and with a duplicate p.9. Begins 'ILL BET YOU A POUND AN OLD BEGGAR WOMAN BAWLED INTO THE W NDOW [sic] OF MY RLY CARRIAGE THE OTHER DAY IN ANSWER TO SOMEONE WHO CAS LOUBT [sic, for 'CAST DOUBT'] ON HER NATIONALITY ILL BET U A POUND M MORE IRISH THAN ANY OF YEZ WASNT I BORN IN ME BARE FEET'.A7. [Galway, July 1920. 'Sinn Fein Courts.'] Post Office Telegrams telegram 'SP 10/15 LYND GALWAY TO DAILY NEWS LONDON'. Undated (July 1920). Second page only of article published in Daily News as A5 below ('Sinn Fein Courts. Typical scenes on a busy morning.'). The page begins: 'TO ACCEPT A SENTENCE OF A FORTNIGHTS IMPRISONMENT'.A8. [Co. Mayo, July 1920. 'Ireland's Land-Hunger.'] Post Office Telegrams telegram 'FDW R LYND TO D NEWS LDN'. Undated (July 1920). Upper part of one page only of article published in Daily News as A7 below ('Ireland's Land-Hunger. How Sinn Fein Prevented Civil War.'). Page begins: 'WHICH AN OFFICER OF THE VOLUNTEERS USED THE LOCAL ORGANISATION TO CARRY OUT A CATTLE DRIVE'.A9. [Co. Galway. Undated.] Post Office Telegrams telegram '4353 Lynd Galway D News Ldn' (amended to '7056 Robert Lynd Galway Thurs D News Ldn'). Carbon copy of handwriting. Single page from untraced article. Headed 'Ireland - Sinn Fein policies', and beginning: 'The first Republican Court to be held openly with t press attendg has just bn held at Oughterard Co. Galway.'A10. [Without place or date (July 1920).] Lower part of page of telegram, reading 'NEXT MORNING COUNTY INSPECTOR POER OSHEE VISITED LISTOWEL AND TRIED TO INDUCE MEN TO CARRY OUT ORDERS FOURTEEN OF THEM IMMEDIATELY TENDERED THEIR RESIGNATIONS WHICH WERE NOT ACCEPTED | END PAGE 2'. Of interest is the fact that the copy editor has deleted the name 'POER OSHEE'.A11. Scrap cut by copy editor from foot of page of telegram of untraced article, reading in carbon manuscript: 'No body attempts to saddle either General Macready or Sir Hamar Greenwood | End 5'.A12. Covering page (1p., 12mo), in pencil manuscript, reading: '(From Our Special Correspondent) | Robert Lynd | Dublin, Sunday night.' In red ink: 'July 12th'.B. Manuscripts of Articles by Lynd, prepared by his Fleet Street editors, 1920B1. Manuscript of untitled article beginning '"This", said a friend as we turned a corner, "is one of the most dangerous streets in Dublin. Flower-girls hop out at you from every doorway."' On 13 pieces of paper of differing sizes. In ink, with corrections.B2. 'How Sinn Fein Prevented Civil War | by Robert Lynd'. 11pp., 4to. In pencil, with 'July 10th [1920]' written in red ink on first page. Part of corrected printed proof attached to p.9.B3. 'Irish Republicans Doing Police Work | By Robert Lynd'. On 10 pieces of paper of differing dimensions. In ink, with pencil corrections. 'July 24th [1920]' written in red ink on first page.B4. 'How Sinn Fein Deals with Crime | By Robert Lynd'. On 11 pieces of paper of differing dimensions. In ink, with corrections. '26/7/20' in red ink on first page.B5. 'Realities of Irish Life | By Robert Lynd'. 5pp., 4to. In ink, with corrections. 'Aug 1920' in red ink on first page.B6. 'The White Terror in Ireland. | By Robert Lynd'. On 8 pieces of paper of differing sizes. In ink, with corrections. Undated.B7. 'A Republican Court sits in the Open'. On 14 pieces of paper of differing sizes. In ink, with corrections. Undated.B8. '

Protestant & Sinn Fein'. Undated. On 12 pieces of paper of differing sizes. In ink, with corrections. Newspaper cutting to be quoted from laid down on one leaf.B9. 'The Truth about the Irish Police | By Robert Lynd'. Undated. On 10 pieces of paper of differing sizes. In ink, with corrections.B10. 22 pages of text, on 22 leaves of differing sizes. Unsorted.C. Lynd's own cuttings of his Articles from Ireland for the Daily News, 1920C1. Covering page (1p., 4to ) to A2 to A18 below, with title by RL: 'Ireland a Republic: by Robert Lynd. | Part I: Ireland under Sinn Fein. | Part II. Humours & Ethics of the Lloyd George War against Ireland.'C2. 'Is Ireland a Dull Subject? By Robert Lynd.' 18 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Notes by RL: 'Part I: Ireland under Sinn Fein' and 'Chapter I'.C3. 'The Mad Dogs of Dublin Castle. By Robert Lynd.' 18 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'Chapter Ia. March 1920'.C4. 'Hidden Fires. "Peacefulness," But Not Peace. From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Dublin, Saturday.' 22 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'Chapter IV June 1920'.C5. 'Sinn Fein Courts. Typical scenes on a busy morning. Peasant types. Justice meted out by "Republican J.P.s." In the following article Mr. Robert Lynd gives a graphic pen-picture of a typical busy morning at one of the Sinn Fein Courts in the West of Ireland. Mr. Lynd describes vividly the official personnel of the Court, and the quaint peasant characters who come up with their plaints.' 33 col. inches. Laid down on two pieces of paper. Note by RL: 'Chapter VI July 1920'.C6. 'Cut off in Galway. Ireland's romantic city. From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Galway, Thursday.' 18 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'Chapter VII July 1920'.C7. 'Ireland's Land-Hunger. How Sinn Fein Prevented Civil War. The Land Courts at work. From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Clanmorris, Co. Mayo.' 25 col. inches. Laid down on two pieces of paper. Note by RL: 'Chapter VIII July 1920'.C8. 'Sinn Fein Law in Force. Work of republican police. Street patrols. Protection unwelcomed by Unionists. By Robert Lynd. Dublin.' 17 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'July 1920 Chapter IX'.C9. 'How Sinn Fein deals with crime. By Robert Lynd. Dublin.' 19 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'July 1920 Chapter X'.C10. 'Prussianism in Ireland. Need for Inquiry into Country's Policing. Sinn Fein calls to Labour. By Robert Lynd. Dublin, Sunday.' 15 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'July 1920 Chapter XI'.C11. 'Sinn Fein rule in Ireland. Republican Court Sits in Public. How the law is upheld in Cork. By Robert Lynd. Cork, Thursday.' 19 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'July 1920 Chapter XIII'.C12. 'The Paradox. Outstanding Features of the Irish Position. (By Robert Lynd.) Cork, Saturday.' 26 col. inches. Laid down on two pieces of paper. Note by RL: 'July 1920 Chapter XIV'.C13. 'Irish Police Martyrs. Victims of British policy. Demoralisation. Effect of internment in barracks. (By Robert Lynd.) Dublin.' 26 col. inches. Laid down on two pieces of paper. Note by RL: 'Chapter XV July 1920'.C14. 'Terrorism in Ireland. Dublin Castle and its agents. A fatal policy. Sinn Fein and southern Protestants. By Robert Lynd. Dublin.' 18 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'August 1920 Chapter XVI'.C15. 'A remote Sinn Fein city. Galway in the Year of Revolution. Humours of Irish life. By Robert Lynd. Galway, Saturday.' 17 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'August 1920 Chapter XVII'.C16. 'In Sinn Fein Ireland. Glimpses of the Soul of a Nation. By Robert Lynd. Dublin.' 14 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'Chapter XVIII July 1980'.C17. 'In ruined Balbriggan. Residents Compare Black & Tan Havoc to Invasion of Belgium. British Cabinet Responsibility. By Robert Lynd. Balbriggan.' 28 col. inches. Laid down on two pieces of paper. Note by RL: 'Sept. 1920 Chapter XIX'. See A31.C18. 'Homage to dead Lord Mayor. Mile-Long Procession in London. Cathedral scenes. Special Ship to Take Body Direct to Cork. (By Robert Lynd.)' 22 col. inches. Laid down on two pieces of paper. Note by RL: 'Oct. 1920 Chapter XXI'.[Items 19 to 23 are each 75 x 50 cm sheets of paper, with 17 newspaper articles by RL laid down on them, eight of which are copies of some of those listed above (6, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18), with edited versions of 5 and 13.]C19. Leaf with four articles:A. 'The Last Struggle. How the "Republic" Takes Charge on the Railway. From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Galway, Monday.' 23 col. inches.B. Copy of 6.C. Shorter version of 5. 29 col. inches (4 col. inches shorter than 5). Lacking the section in 5 headed 'Coffins and guns.'D. 'White Terror In Ireland. Demand for Impartial Inquiry. Grave Charges Against Dublin Castle. By Robert Lynd. Dublin.' 20 col. inches.C20. Leaf with two articles:A. Copy of 8.B. 'Dublin . Curious incidents in Irish capital. Police policy. Sinn Fein leader on the Labour Party. From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Dublin, Saturday Night.' 17 col. inches.C21. Leaf with four articles:A. 'Paradoxes in Ireland. Mixture of Happiness and Passion. R.I.C. failure. Sinn Fein guardians of property. From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Cork.' 19 col. inches.B. Copy of 9.C. Copy of 18.D. Shorter version of 13. 19 col. inches (7 col. inches shorter than 13). The headings in 13 are 'The real facts', 'Government's crime', 'R.I.C. demoralised', 'Drink and panic' and 'Not enough discipline'; those in this version are 'Warnings before "Execution."', 'Hypocritical policy' and 'Liberty the solution'. C22. Leaf with four articles:A. Copy of 14.B. '"Dyerism" in Ireland. Frightfulness as a policy. Startling speech. "The more you shoot the better." From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Dublin, Friday.' 14 col. inches.C. Copy of 15.D. Copy of 11.C23 Leaf with three articles:A. Copy of 17.B. 'The Lord Mayor of Cork. By Robert Lynd.' 10 col. inches.C. 'Irish Outrages. A Reply to Mr. Milne. By Robert Lynd.' Undated (but published August 1920). 19 col. inches. See A30.D. Miscellaneous Articles by Lynd, 1911-1924D1. [London, 1911.] '"The Decline of Ulster." (To the Editor.)' Signed 'ROBERT LYND.' 11 col. inches.D2. '"Ireland A Nation." By Robert Lynd.' Daily News, 10 November 1921. 32 col. inches. With small photograph of RL. The whole leaf (carrying pp.3-4) on which the article appears (on p.4).D3. 'Tips. By Robert Lynd.' Daily News, 16 August 1922. 11 col. inches.D4. 'The Old Year. By Robert Lynd.' Daily News, 28 December 1922. 9 col. inches.D5. [Belfast, 1924.] 'Ireland's New Era. Belfast thinks things over. No wild life now. How Labour may help to bring unity. By Robert Lynd. Belfast.' Undated (reference to 'the new Labour Government' dates it to early 1924). Uncorrected galley proof, on two sheets. 27 col. inches.E. Miscellaneous Articles on Ireland by others, 1920E1 Four articles on Smyth and 'Dyerism', July 1920:A. 'More Strange Irish Tales. Alleged Incitement to "Dyerism" by R.I.C. Official. Dublin Military Display.' Daily News, 10 July 1920. 16 col. inches. Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL. '[...] Mr. Robert Lynd, the special correspondent of "The Daily News," telegraphs from Dublin the story of what, if proved to be genuine, is a document reporting an amazing speech calling for "Dyerism" by the R.I.C. | Mr. Lynd's telegram throws further light on the "Star" correspondent's story, published on Wednesday, of serious trouble among the civil forces of the Crown.'B. 'Dyerism in Ireland.' Daily News, 12 July 1920. 7 col. inches. Leader. Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL. Begins: 'If there is one thing which the facts about General Dyer's action at Amritsar have clearly emphasised it is that the condonation of such a policy of repression would quickly threaten the dismemberment of the British Empire. But that almost simultaneously with the Parliamentary endorsement of the punishment imposed on this misguided officer news should come from Ireland of an intention to inflict a new and hideous form of Dyerism on that unhappy country will seem scarcely credible to intelligent Englishmen. Yet this is the only meaning that can be attached to the amazing document which came into the hands of Mr. Robert Lynd, our Special Correspondent in Ireland, extracts from which appeared in our columns on Saturday.'C. 'The "Dyerism" Allegations. R.I.C. Commissioner in London. An investigation by the Government.' Daily News, 13 July 1920. 15 col. inches. Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL. '[...] The article from Mr. Robert Lynd, the special commissioner of "The Daily News" in Ireland, quoting extracts from a speech which a divisional commissioner of the Royal Irish Constabulary is alleged to have made at a police barracks has caused a great sensation in Irish official circles.'D. 'Irish Police Chief Assassinated. Listowel Commissioner Shot Dead in Cork Club. Lightning Crime. Supposed Sequel to Recent Sensational Mutiny of Constables. [...] From Our Own Correspondent.' Daily News, 19 July 1920. 31 col. inches. Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL. 'The speech at Listowel Police Barracks by Col. Smyth was the subject of a telegram from Mr. Robert Lynd, the Special Correspondent of "The Daily News," published in our issue of July 10.'E2. Three articles on Lynd's controversy with A. A. Milne (see A23C):A. [By Milne.] 'Thoughts on Ireland. By A. A. Milne.' Daily News, 4 August 1920. 19 col. inches. Begins: 'I wonder if Mr. Robert Lynd's Irish articles, written with that happy detached air of his, produce the same feeling of bewilderment in other English sympathisers with Ireland which they produce in me. If he is typical of the oppressed, and I of the oppressors, then we shall never understand each other. One more reason, you say, why Ireland should be free, and with that I agree most heartily. Even the Anglo-Indian must know more about the native Indian mind than I, who am unprejudiced by any residence in Ireland, know about the Irish. But I do want to know, and Mr. Lynd is not helping me.' Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL.B. [By Maurice F. Healy.] 'Irish Clergy and Murders.'[Letter to the editor.] Daily News, 10 August 1920. Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL. 'Sir, - Although Mr. Robert Lynd could need no assistance from my skill when replying to Mr. A. A. Milne, perhaps some of my information may be unfamiliar to the one as it evidently is to the other.'C. [By A. A. Milne]'"A.A.M." on Ireland. To the Editor of "The Daily News."' Daily News, 11 August 1920. 6 col. inches. Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL. '[...] Mr. Lynd begins with a personal confession; I will end with one. Four years ago, almost to the day, I was discussing politics with a fellow-subaltern in a German dug-out on the Somme. We agreed that for the rest of our lives there would be only one political faith for us - a belief in the stupidity and wickedness of war. (His life ended two days later; I had to write to the girl whom he was to marry and tell her so.) This explains, perhaps, why I dislike murder, even if it is called guerilla war; it explains why I regret so much that Ireland is still playing (and not even playing fairly) at soldiers, is still reluctant to forsake the old stupid arrogance of killing.'E3: Six articles on the sacking of Balbriggan, 20 September 1920 (see A17):A. 'Englishmen Sack Irish Town. Men bayoneted to death. "We are the boys of the bulldog breed" [...] From Our Own Correspondent. Dublin, Tuesday.' Daily Herald, 22 September 1920. 11 col. inches.B. 'Civilians Killed. Houses and a Factory Burned Down. (From Our Own Correspondent.) Dublin, Tuesday.' Morning Post, 22 September 1920. 12 col. inches.C. 'The Sacking of Balbriggan. An official inquiry ordered. From Our Special Correspondent. Dublin, Wednesday.' Daily Chronicle, 23 September 1920. 12 col. inches.D. 'Balbriggan Horror. Red Indian Fury of Attackers. Man shot in hotel. [...] From Our Own Correspondent. Dublin, Wednesday.' Daily Herald, 23 September 1920. 6 col. inches.E. 'Three Men Shot Dead in Clare Reprisals. "Black and Tans" warn Balbriggan. Refugees dread of a second invasion. Military proclaim civil inquiries.' Manchester Guardian, 24 September 1920. 40 col. inches.F. '<...> of Vengeance and Government's Loose Rein. Reprisals after Fatal Ambush in Clare. Sinn Feiner shot in Dublin Hotel: Inquest Banned.' Manchester Guardian 23 September 1920. 28 col. inches. With 'Balbriggan Victims. Military Inquiry Opens. (From Our Special Correspondent.)' 4 col. inches.E4. 'Irish Presbyterians and Home Rule. To the Editor of The British Weekly.' From 'A Presbyterian Minister who puts the Interests of his Church First.' British Weekly, no date. 11 col. inches.F. Reviews relating to Lynd, 1919-1920F1. 'The "London Mercury."' The Spectator, 8 November 1919. Review, mentioning RL. 19 col. inches.F2. 'Ireland and Sinn Fein.' New York Times, 1 August 1920. Anonymous review (2pp. with illustrations) of RL's 'Ireland A Nation' and three other books. Sent by International Press-Cutting Bureau to RL. F3. 'Sinn Fein. The Evolution of Sinn Fein. By Robert Mitchell Henry. T. Fisher Unwin. 5s. net.' New Statesman. 7 August 1920. 19 col. inches. Anonymous review. Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL. Contains reference to RL.F4. Anonymous review, including 'The Art of Letters' by RL. Book-post, 22 October 1920. 3 col. inches. 'Mr. Lynd as a critic occupies a place peculiarly his own. His criticism is individual and penetrating, and it can never be ignored. His last book was probably more widely reviewed than any book of the season in which it appeared.' Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL.F5. '"The London Mercury." Two shillings and sixpence net.' Review by 'C. N.' Musical Standard, 22 November 1920. 2 col. inches. Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL. '[...] those who revel in "personal" books will rejoice in the review of Horace Walpole's letters by Mr. Robert Lynd.'The items gathered here comprise telegrams of copy sent from Ireland by Robert Lynd to his Fleet Street newspaper, the London Daily News, together with manuscripts of his editors on the paper, and his own collection of newspaper cuttings of his articles, some gathered together with a view of publication in book form, together with some articles by other writers, relating to the 'Black and Tan' period.The first item in this list is a document of particular historical importance. It is the actual telegram in which Robert Lynd, Special Correspondent in Ireland for the London Daily News, broke the news of the 'Listowel Affair': the 'Mutiny of Constables' which occurred at Listowel, County Kerry, on 19 June 1920, after Lieut.-Col. Gerald Smyth, Chief Commissioner of the Royal Irish Constabulary, instructed his men to adopt a policy of what was immediately described as 'Dyerism' (in reference to the Amritsar Massacre), involving the indiscriminate brutalisation of the local population, with a guarantee of indemnity against prosecution in cases of wrongful killing. The publication of the article caused a sensation and significantly altered public opinion on both sides of the Irish Sea. The telegram contains some matter not published in the actual article, Lynd's own copy of which is also present. The collection also contains four other pieces from the Daily News concerning the incident, including one reporting that 'The article from Mr. Robert Lynd, the special correspondent of "The Daily News" in Ireland, [...] has caused a great sensation in Irish official circles.' A Daily News leader refers to 'the amazing document which came into the hands of Mr. Robert Lynd, our Special Correspondent in Ireland', and another piece refers to the 'document reporting an amazing speech', revealed by 'Mr. Lynd's telegram'. Until now Lynd's important role in the incident has not been noted.Several of the articles, written by Lynd from Dublin, Cork and Galway in what Lynd calls 'the year of revolution, 1920' - were intended for publication in a volume to be titled Ireland a Republic. The book was to be divided into two parts: 'Ireland under Sinn Fein' and 'Humours and Ethics of the Lloyd George War against Ireland'. Whatever the reason for the book's non-appearance, the quality of the pieces is not in question: they are written with all of Lynd's verve and wit, and along with the other eight of his articles in this collection, they richly deserve republication. In addition to the Smyth telegram, there are a further four telegrams giving versions of articles as they were received by the Daily News in London from Lynd in Dublin, together with another giving the text of an untraced article. All six are worked over and reordered by the copy editor. They have an immediacy and impact, and are truly history in the making.Also of interest are four items from a minor controversy regarding Lynd's Irish Daily News despatches. The last of Lynd's articles is a reply by him to criticism from A. A. Milne, best-known, of course, as the author of Winnie the Pooh. 'Mr. Lynd is not helping me', Milne writes. 'An inspector of police is murdered with every circumstance of cowardly brutality, and Mr. Lynd takes us charmingly by the button-hole: "I must just tell you," he says, "how active the Sinn Fein courts are in maintaining justice. A Protestant who lost some of his cattle . . ." A railway magnate is the victim of an equally foul murder, and perhaps Mr. Lynd has another little story for us, illustrative of Sinn Fein's passion for putting down crimes in Ireland. [...] perhaps Mr. Lynd wishes us to know that only an idiotic Englishman would warn his victim; the Sinn Feiner is much too smart for that.' Lynd defends himself with spirit: 'I went to Ireland two months ago to describe the life, the activities, the aspirations, the sufferings, the tragedy, and the comedy (if discoverable) of the Irish of to-day. If my articles have bewildered Mr. Milne I think it is because the facts of Irish life must bewilder anyone who sets out, as he apparently does, with the notion that Ireland is a country in which ordinary peaceful policemen and soldiers are shot in cold blood from behind hedges.' A30 contains Lynd's own copy of Milne's original attack, as well as Milne's response to Lynd's reply (written with unusual passion, recalling his own war experiences), and a letter defending Lynd by Maurice F. Healy. Once again, this controversy has not been previously noted. Accompanying Lynd's article on the sacking of Balbriggan are six articles, the title of the first of which could be quoted in support of Lynd against Milne's cosy view: 'Englishmen Sack Irish Town. Men bayoneted to death. "We are the boys of the bulldog breed"'.The following description is divided into six parts:A. Telegrams from Lynd to the Daily News, 1920 (T1-T12)B. Manuscripts of Articles by Lynd, prepared by his Fleet Street editors, 1920C. Lynd's own cuttings of his Articles from Ireland for the Daily News, 1920 (A1-A23)D. Miscellaneous Articles by Lynd, 1911-1924 (A24-A28)E. Miscellaneous Articles on Ireland by others, 1920 (A29-A32)F. Reviews relating to Lynd, 1919-1920 (A33-A37)A. Telegrams from Lynd to the Daily News, 1920The telegrams usually consist of green ticker tape pasted into strips on 8vo leaves letterheads. The text is cut up and rearranged by Lynd's copy editor at the Daily News, who supplies instructions in manuscript.A1. [Dublin, 9 July 1920. '"Dyerism" in Ireland.'] Post Office Telegraphs telegram, '8 15 PM ROBERT LYNDD [sic] DUBLIN TO DAILY NEWS LONDON'. Undated, but sent on Friday 9 July 1920. Published in the Daily News, 10 July 1920, as A22B below ('"Dyerism" in Ireland. Frightfulness as a policy. Startling speech. "The more you shoot the better." From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Dublin, Friday.') 9pp., numbered to 8 (with 5A). Complete. Cut into fourteen sections and rearranged for publication. For ease of reading the following quotations are given from the article, but the impact of the telegram is even greater, being more personal and immediate: 'I have just seen an amazing and horrifying document, which is likely to cause some sensation in the next few days in the House of Commons. [...] I have myself seen the signatures of the four police constables in the R.I.C., who guarantee the truth of the document.' RL proceeds to report a speech made to his officers by 'a Divisional Commissioner in the R.I.C.' (soon revealed to be Lieut.-Col. Gerald Smyth at Listowel): '"Well, men," the Divisional Commissioner is reported to have said, "I have something of interest to tell you; something that I am sure you would not wish your wives to hear. [...] Sinn Fein has had all the sport up to the present, and we are going to have the sport now. [...] If a police barracks is burned or if the barracks already occupied is not suitable, then the best house in the locality is to be commandeered, the occupants thrown out in the gutter - let them die there - the more the merrier. Police and military will patrol the country [...] lie in ambush, and when civilians are seen approaching shout "Hands up." [...] If the persons approaching carry their hands in their pockets, or are in any way suspicious-looking, shoot them down. You may make mistakes occasionally, and innocent persons may be shot, but that cannot be helped, and you are bound to get the right parties sometimes. | The more you shoot the better I will like you, and I assure you no policeman will get into trouble for shooting any man. [...]" [...] The men refused, their spokesman declaring angrily: "You are a murderer!" The Divisional Commissioner then, it is stated, ordered the arrest of the man, but his comrades stood forward and declared that if a hand was laid on him "the room will run with blood."' The published article does not reproduce the conclusion of the telegram: 'LUCKILY ENOUGH MEMBERS O PARLT NOW KNOW T NAME O T MEN INVOLVED TO TKE STEPS TO FORBID THIS TERRIBLE CRIME AS I HVE SD I WD NOT AND CD NOT HVE BELIEVED T STORY IF I HD NOT SEEN T SIGNATURES O T FOUR CONSTS I FEEL HOWEVER IT IN T INTERESTS O T ENGLISH PEOPLE AND T EXTRAORDINARILY PLUCKY RANK AND FILE O T R-I-C AS WELL AS O T PEOPLE O IRELAND THIS SENSATIONAL DOCUMENT SHD HVE WIDE PUBLICITY END MGE DUBLIN C T O'.A2. [Cork, 16 July 1920.] Post Office Telegrams telegraph '6 PM LYNCH CORK DAILY NEWS LDN'. Dated in manuscript 'July 16th 1920'. 8pp, The first and fourth pages not on ticker tape but printed out, and the other six pages in carbon copy of manuscript. Last lines of p.5 cut away by copy editor. Begins: 'DYERISM IN IRELAND BY ROBERT LYND CORK SIR HAMAR GREENWOODS REPLY TO THE SERIOUS CHARGE OF THE ADVOCACY OF DYERISM THAT [sic] LISTOWEL BY A HIGH GOVT OFFICIAL IS RIGHTLY OR WRONGLY REGARDED IN IRELAND AS A PLEA OF GUILTY THE LISTOWEL AFFAIR IS NOT AN ISOLATED EVENT IT IS ONLY IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT IS THE FIRST AFFAIR OF A BAD KIND IN WHICH POLICEMEN HAVE COME FORWARD WITH AN OFFER OF EVIDENCE AGAINST THEIR SUPERIORS'.A3. [Dublin, July 1920. 'Prussianism in Ireland.'] Post Office Telegraphs telegram 'SP 6 25 PM LYND DUBLIN TO DAILY NEWS LONDON'. Undated (July 1920). Published in the Daily News as A10 below ('Prussianism in Ireland. Need for Inquiry into Country's Policing. Sinn Fein calls to Labour. By Robert Lynd. Dublin, Sunday.') 14pp., numbered to 13 (with 7A). Complete, except for one line of ticker tape at foot of p.4 (supplied from the published version as 'The general body of police') and with p.10 cut in two. Begins: 'DUBLIN IS STILL IN A STATE OF SEIGE [sic] BUT YOU HAVE TO TAKE A PENNY TRAM TO SEE IT IF YOU ARE ON A TRAM YOU GET PAST THE BARBED WIRE AND THE SANDBAGS AND THE BAYONETS AND THE SOLDIERS IN TRENCHHELMETS WITHOUT QUESTION BUT IF YOU ARE IN A MOTOR THE SOLDIERS HOLD YOU UP AND A POLICEMAN EXAMINES YOU'. Lynd states that 'DUBLIN IS MCH LESS INTERESTED IN ITS BARBED WIRE ENTANGLEMENTS THAN IN T SENSATIONAL STORY O T POL MUTINY THAT WS PUBLISHED ON SATY [i.e. RL's '"Dyerism" in Ireland' piece, see 1 above]'. He quotes at length from an interview he has just had 'WI MR ARTHUR GRIFFITH THE FOUNDER O SINN FEIN AND T REPUBLICAN VICE PRESIDENT WITH REGARD TO THE PRESENT SITUATION AND ESPECIALLY WITH REGARD TO THE LABOUR CONGRESS TO BE HELD ON TUESDAY ON THE QUESTION OF HANDLING MUNITIONS'.A4. [Cork, July 1920. 'The Paradox.'] Post Office Telegraphs telegraph '11 * 35 ROBT LYND CORK TO DLI NEWS LON'. Undated (July 1920). Published in the Daily News as A12 below ('The Paradox. Outstanding Features of the Irish Position. (By Robert Lynd.) Cork, Saturday.') 16pp. Complete. Cut into 19 sections. Begins: 'I AM WRITING THIS IN A ST IN CORK T NAME O WH HS BN ALTERED FM KING-ST TO MCCURTAIN-ST IN HONOR O T MURDERED LD MAYOR ONLY A NIGHT OR TWO AGO T KING-ST POLICE BKS OUT O WH T MURDERERS O T LD MAYOR R POPULARLI BELIEVD TO HV ISSUED WS BURNED TO A RUIN O BARE WALLS AND TODAY T ORANGE WHITE AND GREEN FLAG O T IRISH REPUBLIC FLIES ABV WAT IS LEFT O IT'.A5. [Galway, 1920. 'The Last Struggle.'] Post Office Telegraphs telegram '6 PM ROBERT LYND GALWAY TO DLY NEWS LONDON'. Undated. Published in the Daily News as A19A below (''The Last Struggle. How the "Republic" Takes Charge on the Railway. From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Galway, Monday.') 19pp., numbered to 13 (with 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A). Complete. Cut into 23 sections, and with an duplicate p.2 ('Uncertain if previously sent you'). Begins: 'I SAW A MAGPIE AT MULLINGAR I KNEW SOMETHING WS GOING TO HAPPEN I SAW TWO MAGPIES NEAR ATHLONE I GUESSED THERE WS NOTHING TO WORRY ABOUT WHEN WE LEFT DUBLIN FOR GALWAY AT TWENTYFIVE PAST SEVEN IN 7E MORNING THERE WERE NO ARMED MEN ON BOARD THERE WS A SOLDIER IN THE TRAIN BUT HE WAS RIFLELESS'.A6. [Galway, July 1920. 'Cut off in Galway'.] Post Office Telegraphs telegram '6 * 23 ROBERT LYND TO DLY NEWS LDN'. Undated (July 1920). Published in the Daily News as A6 below ('Cut off in Galway. Ireland's romantic city. From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Galway, Thursday.') 14pp., numbered to 10 (with 3A, 4A, 5A, 8A). Cut into 18 sections, and with a duplicate p.9. Begins 'ILL BET YOU A POUND AN OLD BEGGAR WOMAN BAWLED INTO THE W NDOW [sic] OF MY RLY CARRIAGE THE OTHER DAY IN ANSWER TO SOMEONE WHO CAS LOUBT [sic, for 'CAST DOUBT'] ON HER NATIONALITY ILL BET U A POUND M MORE IRISH THAN ANY OF YEZ WASNT I BORN IN ME BARE FEET'.A7. [Galway, July 1920. 'Sinn Fein Courts.'] Post Office Telegrams telegram 'SP 10/15 LYND GALWAY TO DAILY NEWS LONDON'. Undated (July 1920). Second page only of article published in Daily News as A5 below ('Sinn Fein Courts. Typical scenes on a busy morning.'). The page begins: 'TO ACCEPT A SENTENCE OF A FORTNIGHTS IMPRISONMENT'.A8. [Co. Mayo, July 1920. 'Ireland's Land-Hunger.'] Post Office Telegrams telegram 'FDW R LYND TO D NEWS LDN'. Undated (July 1920). Upper part of one page only of article published in Daily News as A7 below ('Ireland's Land-Hunger. How Sinn Fein Prevented Civil War.'). Page begins: 'WHICH AN OFFICER OF THE VOLUNTEERS USED THE LOCAL ORGANISATION TO CARRY OUT A CATTLE DRIVE'.A9. [Co. Galway. Undated.] Post Office Telegrams telegram '4353 Lynd Galway D News Ldn' (amended to '7056 Robert Lynd Galway Thurs D News Ldn'). Carbon copy of handwriting. Single page from untraced article. Headed 'Ireland - Sinn Fein policies', and beginning: 'The first Republican Court to be held openly with t press attendg has just bn held at Oughterard Co. Galway.'A10. [Without place or date (July 1920).] Lower part of page of telegram, reading 'NEXT MORNING COUNTY INSPECTOR POER OSHEE VISITED LISTOWEL AND TRIED TO INDUCE MEN TO CARRY OUT ORDERS FOURTEEN OF THEM IMMEDIATELY TENDERED THEIR RESIGNATIONS WHICH WERE NOT ACCEPTED | END PAGE 2'. Of interest is the fact that the copy editor has deleted the name 'POER OSHEE'.A11. Scrap cut by copy editor from foot of page of telegram of untraced article, reading in carbon manuscript: 'No body attempts to saddle either General Macready or Sir Hamar Greenwood | End 5'.A12. Covering page (1p., 12mo), in pencil manuscript, reading: '(From Our Special Correspondent) | Robert Lynd | Dublin, Sunday night.' In red ink: 'July 12th'.B. Manuscripts of Articles by Lynd, prepared by his Fleet Street editors, 1920B1. Manuscript of untitled article beginning '"This", said a friend as we turned a corner, "is one of the most dangerous streets in Dublin. Flower-girls hop out at you from every doorway."' On 13 pieces of paper of differing sizes. In ink, with corrections.B2. 'How Sinn Fein Prevented Civil War | by Robert Lynd'. 11pp., 4to. In pencil, with 'July 10th [1920]' written in red ink on first page. Part of corrected printed proof attached to p.9.B3. 'Irish Republicans Doing Police Work | By Robert Lynd'. On 10 pieces of paper of differing dimensions. In ink, with pencil corrections. 'July 24th [1920]' written in red ink on first page.B4. 'How Sinn Fein Deals with Crime | By Robert Lynd'. On 11 pieces of paper of differing dimensions. In ink, with corrections. '26/7/20' in red ink on first page.B5. 'Realities of Irish Life | By Robert Lynd'. 5pp., 4to. In ink, with corrections. 'Aug 1920' in red ink on first page.B6. 'The White Terror in Ireland. | By Robert Lynd'. On 8 pieces of paper of differing sizes. In ink, with corrections. Undated.B7. 'A Republican Court sits in the Open'. On 14 pieces of paper of differing sizes. In ink, with corrections. Undated.B8. ' Protestant & Sinn Fein'. Undated. On 12 pieces of paper of differing sizes. In ink, with corrections. Newspaper cutting to be quoted from laid down on one leaf.B9. 'The Truth about the Irish Police | By Robert Lynd'. Undated. On 10 pieces of paper of differing sizes. In ink, with corrections.B10. 22 pages of text, on 22 leaves of differing sizes. Unsorted.C. Lynd's own cuttings of his Articles from Ireland for the Daily News, 1920C1. Covering page (1p., 4to ) to A2 to A18 below, with title by RL: 'Ireland a Republic: by Robert Lynd. | Part I: Ireland under Sinn Fein. | Part II. Humours & Ethics of the Lloyd George War against Ireland.'C2. 'Is Ireland a Dull Subject? By Robert Lynd.' 18 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Notes by RL: 'Part I: Ireland under Sinn Fein' and 'Chapter I'.C3. 'The Mad Dogs of Dublin Castle. By Robert Lynd.' 18 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'Chapter Ia. March 1920'.C4. 'Hidden Fires. "Peacefulness," But Not Peace. From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Dublin, Saturday.' 22 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'Chapter IV June 1920'.C5. 'Sinn Fein Courts. Typical scenes on a busy morning. Peasant types. Justice meted out by "Republican J.P.s." In the following article Mr. Robert Lynd gives a graphic pen-picture of a typical busy morning at one of the Sinn Fein Courts in the West of Ireland. Mr. Lynd describes vividly the official personnel of the Court, and the quaint peasant characters who come up with their plaints.' 33 col. inches. Laid down on two pieces of paper. Note by RL: 'Chapter VI July 1920'.C6. 'Cut off in Galway. Ireland's romantic city. From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Galway, Thursday.' 18 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'Chapter VII July 1920'.C7. 'Ireland's Land-Hunger. How Sinn Fein Prevented Civil War. The Land Courts at work. From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Clanmorris, Co. Mayo.' 25 col. inches. Laid down on two pieces of paper. Note by RL: 'Chapter VIII July 1920'.C8. 'Sinn Fein Law in Force. Work of republican police. Street patrols. Protection unwelcomed by Unionists. By Robert Lynd. Dublin.' 17 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'July 1920 Chapter IX'.C9. 'How Sinn Fein deals with crime. By Robert Lynd. Dublin.' 19 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'July 1920 Chapter X'.C10. 'Prussianism in Ireland. Need for Inquiry into Country's Policing. Sinn Fein calls to Labour. By Robert Lynd. Dublin, Sunday.' 15 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'July 1920 Chapter XI'.C11. 'Sinn Fein rule in Ireland. Republican Court Sits in Public. How the law is upheld in Cork. By Robert Lynd. Cork, Thursday.' 19 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'July 1920 Chapter XIII'.C12. 'The Paradox. Outstanding Features of the Irish Position. (By Robert Lynd.) Cork, Saturday.' 26 col. inches. Laid down on two pieces of paper. Note by RL: 'July 1920 Chapter XIV'.C13. 'Irish Police Martyrs. Victims of British policy. Demoralisation. Effect of internment in barracks. (By Robert Lynd.) Dublin.' 26 col. inches. Laid down on two pieces of paper. Note by RL: 'Chapter XV July 1920'.C14. 'Terrorism in Ireland. Dublin Castle and its agents. A fatal policy. Sinn Fein and southern Protestants. By Robert Lynd. Dublin.' 18 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'August 1920 Chapter XVI'.C15. 'A remote Sinn Fein city. Galway in the Year of Revolution. Humours of Irish life. By Robert Lynd. Galway, Saturday.' 17 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'August 1920 Chapter XVII'.C16. 'In Sinn Fein Ireland. Glimpses of the Soul of a Nation. By Robert Lynd. Dublin.' 14 col. inches. Laid down on one piece of paper. Note by RL: 'Chapter XVIII July 1980'.C17. 'In ruined Balbriggan. Residents Compare Black & Tan Havoc to Invasion of Belgium. British Cabinet Responsibility. By Robert Lynd. Balbriggan.' 28 col. inches. Laid down on two pieces of paper. Note by RL: 'Sept. 1920 Chapter XIX'. See A31.C18. 'Homage to dead Lord Mayor. Mile-Long Procession in London. Cathedral scenes. Special Ship to Take Body Direct to Cork. (By Robert Lynd.)' 22 col. inches. Laid down on two pieces of paper. Note by RL: 'Oct. 1920 Chapter XXI'.[Items 19 to 23 are each 75 x 50 cm sheets of paper, with 17 newspaper articles by RL laid down on them, eight of which are copies of some of those listed above (6, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18), with edited versions of 5 and 13.]C19. Leaf with four articles:A. 'The Last Struggle. How the "Republic" Takes Charge on the Railway. From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Galway, Monday.' 23 col. inches.B. Copy of 6.C. Shorter version of 5. 29 col. inches (4 col. inches shorter than 5). Lacking the section in 5 headed 'Coffins and guns.'D. 'White Terror In Ireland. Demand for Impartial Inquiry. Grave Charges Against Dublin Castle. By Robert Lynd. Dublin.' 20 col. inches.C20. Leaf with two articles:A. Copy of 8.B. 'Dublin . Curious incidents in Irish capital. Police policy. Sinn Fein leader on the Labour Party. From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Dublin, Saturday Night.' 17 col. inches.C21. Leaf with four articles:A. 'Paradoxes in Ireland. Mixture of Happiness and Passion. R.I.C. failure. Sinn Fein guardians of property. From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Cork.' 19 col. inches.B. Copy of 9.C. Copy of 18.D. Shorter version of 13. 19 col. inches (7 col. inches shorter than 13). The headings in 13 are 'The real facts', 'Government's crime', 'R.I.C. demoralised', 'Drink and panic' and 'Not enough discipline'; those in this version are 'Warnings before "Execution."', 'Hypocritical policy' and 'Liberty the solution'. C22. Leaf with four articles:A. Copy of 14.B. '"Dyerism" in Ireland. Frightfulness as a policy. Startling speech. "The more you shoot the better." From Our Special Correspondent, Robert Lynd. Dublin, Friday.' 14 col. inches.C. Copy of 15.D. Copy of 11.C23 Leaf with three articles:A. Copy of 17.B. 'The Lord Mayor of Cork. By Robert Lynd.' 10 col. inches.C. 'Irish Outrages. A Reply to Mr. Milne. By Robert Lynd.' Undated (but published August 1920). 19 col. inches. See A30.D. Miscellaneous Articles by Lynd, 1911-1924D1. [London, 1911.] '"The Decline of Ulster." (To the Editor.)' Signed 'ROBERT LYND.' 11 col. inches.D2. '"Ireland A Nation." By Robert Lynd.' Daily News, 10 November 1921. 32 col. inches. With small photograph of RL. The whole leaf (carrying pp.3-4) on which the article appears (on p.4).D3. 'Tips. By Robert Lynd.' Daily News, 16 August 1922. 11 col. inches.D4. 'The Old Year. By Robert Lynd.' Daily News, 28 December 1922. 9 col. inches.D5. [Belfast, 1924.] 'Ireland's New Era. Belfast thinks things over. No wild life now. How Labour may help to bring unity. By Robert Lynd. Belfast.' Undated (reference to 'the new Labour Government' dates it to early 1924). Uncorrected galley proof, on two sheets. 27 col. inches.E. Miscellaneous Articles on Ireland by others, 1920E1 Four articles on Smyth and 'Dyerism', July 1920:A. 'More Strange Irish Tales. Alleged Incitement to "Dyerism" by R.I.C. Official. Dublin Military Display.' Daily News, 10 July 1920. 16 col. inches. Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL. '[...] Mr. Robert Lynd, the special correspondent of "The Daily News," telegraphs from Dublin the story of what, if proved to be genuine, is a document reporting an amazing speech calling for "Dyerism" by the R.I.C. | Mr. Lynd's telegram throws further light on the "Star" correspondent's story, published on Wednesday, of serious trouble among the civil forces of the Crown.'B. 'Dyerism in Ireland.' Daily News, 12 July 1920. 7 col. inches. Leader. Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL. Begins: 'If there is one thing which the facts about General Dyer's action at Amritsar have clearly emphasised it is that the condonation of such a policy of repression would quickly threaten the dismemberment of the British Empire. But that almost simultaneously with the Parliamentary endorsement of the punishment imposed on this misguided officer news should come from Ireland of an intention to inflict a new and hideous form of Dyerism on that unhappy country will seem scarcely credible to intelligent Englishmen. Yet this is the only meaning that can be attached to the amazing document which came into the hands of Mr. Robert Lynd, our Special Correspondent in Ireland, extracts from which appeared in our columns on Saturday.'C. 'The "Dyerism" Allegations. R.I.C. Commissioner in London. An investigation by the Government.' Daily News, 13 July 1920. 15 col. inches. Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL. '[...] The article from Mr. Robert Lynd, the special commissioner of "The Daily News" in Ireland, quoting extracts from a speech which a divisional commissioner of the Royal Irish Constabulary is alleged to have made at a police barracks has caused a great sensation in Irish official circles.'D. 'Irish Police Chief Assassinated. Listowel Commissioner Shot Dead in Cork Club. Lightning Crime. Supposed Sequel to Recent Sensational Mutiny of Constables. [...] From Our Own Correspondent.' Daily News, 19 July 1920. 31 col. inches. Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL. 'The speech at Listowel Police Barracks by Col. Smyth was the subject of a telegram from Mr. Robert Lynd, the Special Correspondent of "The Daily News," published in our issue of July 10.'E2. Three articles on Lynd's controversy with A. A. Milne (see A23C):A. [By Milne.] 'Thoughts on Ireland. By A. A. Milne.' Daily News, 4 August 1920. 19 col. inches. Begins: 'I wonder if Mr. Robert Lynd's Irish articles, written with that happy detached air of his, produce the same feeling of bewilderment in other English sympathisers with Ireland which they produce in me. If he is typical of the oppressed, and I of the oppressors, then we shall never understand each other. One more reason, you say, why Ireland should be free, and with that I agree most heartily. Even the Anglo-Indian must know more about the native Indian mind than I, who am unprejudiced by any residence in Ireland, know about the Irish. But I do want to know, and Mr. Lynd is not helping me.' Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL.B. [By Maurice F. Healy.] 'Irish Clergy and Murders.'[Letter to the editor.] Daily News, 10 August 1920. Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL. 'Sir, - Although Mr. Robert Lynd could need no assistance from my skill when replying to Mr. A. A. Milne, perhaps some of my information may be unfamiliar to the one as it evidently is to the other.'C. [By A. A. Milne]'"A.A.M." on Ireland. To the Editor of "The Daily News."' Daily News, 11 August 1920. 6 col. inches. Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL. '[...] Mr. Lynd begins with a personal confession; I will end with one. Four years ago, almost to the day, I was discussing politics with a fellow-subaltern in a German dug-out on the Somme. We agreed that for the rest of our lives there would be only one political faith for us - a belief in the stupidity and wickedness of war. (His life ended two days later; I had to write to the girl whom he was to marry and tell her so.) This explains, perhaps, why I dislike murder, even if it is called guerilla war; it explains why I regret so much that Ireland is still playing (and not even playing fairly) at soldiers, is still reluctant to forsake the old stupid arrogance of killing.'E3: Six articles on the sacking of Balbriggan, 20 September 1920 (see A17):A. 'Englishmen Sack Irish Town. Men bayoneted to death. "We are the boys of the bulldog breed" [...] From Our Own Correspondent. Dublin, Tuesday.' Daily Herald, 22 September 1920. 11 col. inches.B. 'Civilians Killed. Houses and a Factory Burned Down. (From Our Own Correspondent.) Dublin, Tuesday.' Morning Post, 22 September 1920. 12 col. inches.C. 'The Sacking of Balbriggan. An official inquiry ordered. From Our Special Correspondent. Dublin, Wednesday.' Daily Chronicle, 23 September 1920. 12 col. inches.D. 'Balbriggan Horror. Red Indian Fury of Attackers. Man shot in hotel. [...] From Our Own Correspondent. Dublin, Wednesday.' Daily Herald, 23 September 1920. 6 col. inches.E. 'Three Men Shot Dead in Clare Reprisals. "Black and Tans" warn Balbriggan. Refugees dread of a second invasion. Military proclaim civil inquiries.' Manchester Guardian, 24 September 1920. 40 col. inches.F. '<...> of Vengeance and Government's Loose Rein. Reprisals after Fatal Ambush in Clare. Sinn Feiner shot in Dublin Hotel: Inquest Banned.' Manchester Guardian 23 September 1920. 28 col. inches. With 'Balbriggan Victims. Military Inquiry Opens. (From Our Special Correspondent.)' 4 col. inches.E4. 'Irish Presbyterians and Home Rule. To the Editor of The British Weekly.' From 'A Presbyterian Minister who puts the Interests of his Church First.' British Weekly, no date. 11 col. inches.F. Reviews relating to Lynd, 1919-1920F1. 'The "London Mercury."' The Spectator, 8 November 1919. Review, mentioning RL. 19 col. inches.F2. 'Ireland and Sinn Fein.' New York Times, 1 August 1920. Anonymous review (2pp. with illustrations) of RL's 'Ireland A Nation' and three other books. Sent by International Press-Cutting Bureau to RL. F3. 'Sinn Fein. The Evolution of Sinn Fein. By Robert Mitchell Henry. T. Fisher Unwin. 5s. net.' New Statesman. 7 August 1920. 19 col. inches. Anonymous review. Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL. Contains reference to RL.F4. Anonymous review, including 'The Art of Letters' by RL. Book-post, 22 October 1920. 3 col. inches. 'Mr. Lynd as a critic occupies a place peculiarly his own. His criticism is individual and penetrating, and it can never be ignored. His last book was probably more widely reviewed than any book of the season in which it appeared.' Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL.F5. '"The London Mercury." Two shillings and sixpence net.' Review by 'C. N.' Musical Standard, 22 November 1920. 2 col. inches. Sent by Durrant's Press Cuttings to RL. '[...] those who revel in "personal" books will rejoice in the review of Horace Walpole's letters by Mr. Robert Lynd.'